A Tailored Ontology Supporting Sensor Implementation for the Maintenance of Industrial Machines

International audienceThe longtime productivity of an industrial machine is improved by condition-based maintenance strategies. To do this, the integration of sensors and other cyber-physical devices is necessary in order to capture and analyze a machine's condition through its lifespan. Thus, choosing the best sensor is a critical step to ensure the efficiency of the maintenance process. Indeed, considering the variety of sensors, and their features and performance, a formal classification of a sensor's domain knowledge is crucial. This classification facilitates the search for and reuse of solutions during the design of a new maintenance service. Following a Knowledge Management methodology, the paper proposes and develops a new sensor ontology that structures the domain knowledge, covering both theoretical and experimental sensor attributes. An industrial case study is conducted to validate the proposed ontology and to demonstrate its utility as a guideline to ease the search of suitable sensors. Based on the ontology, the final solution will be implemented in a shared repository connected to legacy CAD (computer-aided design) systems. The selection of the best sensor is, firstly, obtained by the matching of application requirements and sensor specifications (that are proposed by this sensor repository). Then, it is refined from the experimentation results. The achieved solution is recorded in the sensor repository for future reuse. As a result, the time and cost of the design process of new condition-based maintenance services is reduced

PSS Pattern Concept for Knowledge Representation in Design Process of Industrial Product-service Systems

To save time and cost in development process of new customized product-service systems, engineers need methodological guidelines and generic knowledge that help constructing specific solutions for new customers’ requirements and business opportunities. Despite the specific character of every PSS due to several customization issues, many characteristics are shared between PSS from the same product and/or service family. This paper proposes a knowledge-based methodology to support the PSS design process, extending the concepts of pattern and instance as main knowledge fragments. The main idea is to encapsulate in the pattern a conceptual definition of a collection of potential verified solutions, able to achieve a product-service with certain performance value with regard to a set of working conditions. These solutions are then filtered and refined by means of the PSS instance when answering one specific PSS demand.The presented results were conducted within the project “ICP4Life” entitled “An Integrated Collaborative Platform for Managing the Product-Service Engineering Lifecycle”. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Designing a Questionnaire to Identify Factors Affecting Choices of Packed Foods and determining its validity and reliability among people visiting Ardabil health centers

Background: Any program and policy to prevent chronic diseases associated with dietary factors requires major changes in individuals' diet, knowledge, attitude and, consequently, changes in their dietary choices. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing choice of packaged foods in those visiting Ardabil health centers. Methods: In this study, through a literature review, focused group discussions and interview with expert professors, a questionnaire based on the theory of logical action was designed. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by using methods to evaluate content validity, and face validity with a panel of 15 experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine reliability. Results: The first designed questionnaire consisted of 40 items, but after assessing its validity and reliability, the number of items in the final questionnaire decreased to 36 ones. Eleven items were in the nutritional attitude section, 7 in the subjective normative section, 9 questions in the behavioral intent and 9 questions in the nutritional behavior section. The mean validity score of the final questionnaire was 0.82 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.79. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the designed questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used to identify factors influencing the choice of packaged foods in the community. Keywords: Validity, Reliability, Questionnaire, Packed Food, Reasoned action theor

Magnetized Chitosan Hydrogel and Silk Fibroin, Reinforced with PVA: A Novel Nanobiocomposite for Biomedical and Hyperthermia Applications

Herein, a multifunctional nanobiocomposite was designed for biological application, amongst which hyperthermia cancer therapy application was specifically investigated. This nanobiocomposite was fabricated based on chitosan hydrogel (CS), silk fibroin (SF), water-soluble polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs). CS and SF as natural compounds were used to improve the biocompatibility, biodegradability, adhesion and cell growth properties of the nanobiocomposite that can prepare this nanocomposite for the other biological applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering. Since the mechanical properties are very important in biological applications, PVA polymer was used to increase the mechanical properties of the prepared nanobiocomposite. All components of this nanobiocomposite have good dispersion in water due to the presence of hydrophilic groups such as NH2, OH, and COOH, which is one of the effective factors in increasing the efficiency of hyperthermia cancer therapy. The structural analyzes of the hybrid nanobiocomposite were determined by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, TGA and VSM. Biological studies such as MTT and hemolysis testing proved that it is hemocompatible and non-toxic for healthy cells. Furthermore, it can cause the death of cancer cells to some extent (20.23%). The ability of the nanobiocomposites in hyperthermia cancer therapy was evaluated. Also, the results showed that it can be introduced as an excellent candidate for hyperthermia cancer therapy

The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. METHODS: In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0-24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990-2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 3·0 million deaths and 30·0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288·4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57·3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4·0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59·8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15-19 years in low-SDI settings. INTERPRETATION: Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world. FUNDING: The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Un modèle sémantique basé sur l'ingénierie des systèmes pour supporter le cycle de vie des systèmes "Produit-Service"

Product-service systems (PSS) result from the integration of heterogeneous components covering both tangible and intangible aspects(mechanical, electrical, software, process, organization, etc.). The process of developing PSS is highly collaborative involving a wide variety of stakeholders. This interdisciplinary nature requires standardized semantic repositories to handle the multitude of business views and facilitate the integration of all heterogeneous components into a single system. This is even more complex in the case of customizable PSS in the industrial sector. Despite the many methodologies in literature, the management of the development processes of the PSS is still limited to face this complexity. In this context, Systems Engineering (SE) could bean advantageous solution in terms of its proven qualities for the modeling and management of complex systems. This thesis aims at exploring the potentials of Systems Engineering (SE) as a conceptual foundation to represent various different business perspectives associated with the life cycle of the PSS. In this context, a meta-model for PSS is proposed and verified in industrial cases. An ontological model is also presented as an application of a part of the model to structure the common repository of the ICP4Life platform.Les Systèmes Produit-Service (PSS) résultent d'une intégration de composants hétérogènes couvrant à la fois des aspects matériels et immatériels (mécanique, électrique,logiciel, processus, organisation, etc.). Le processus de développement d’un PSS est fortement collaboratif impliquant des acteurs métier très variés.Ce caractère interdisciplinaire nécessite des référentiels sémantiques standardisés pour gérer la multitude des points de vue métier et faciliter l’intégration de tous les composants hétérogènes dans un système unique. Ceci est encore plus complexe dans le cas des PSS personnalisables, majoritaires dans le milieu industriel. Malgré les nombreuses méthodologies dans littérature, la gestion des processus de développement du PSS reste encore limitée face à cette complexité. Dans ce contexte, l'Ingénierie des systèmes (IS) pourrait être une solution avantageuse au regard de ses qualités bien prouvé pour la modélisation et la gestion de systèmes complexes. Cette thèse vise à explorer le potentiel d'utilisation de l'Ingénierie des systèmes (IS) comme fondement conceptuel pour représenter d’une façon intégrée tous les différents points de vue métier associés au cycle de vie du PSS. Dans ce cadre, un méta-modèle de PSS est proposé et exemplifié dans des cas industriels. Un modèle ontologique est aussi présenté comme une application d’une partie des modèles pour structurer le référentiel commun de la plateforme ICP4Life

Model-Based Systems Engineering for PSS Development: Review and Problem Statement

International audienc

A Meta-model for Product-Service System based on Systems Engineering approach

International audienceManufacturers are currently moving towards a transition from product-oriented to more complex types of product-services to improve their place in the market of solution providing. In this context, focusing on the added value rather than physical artefacts is a competitive capability for companies. PSS development involves considering the guaranteed function as well as the supportive facilitators to ease its availability and operation. Consequently, distinguishing between the PSS core elements and related Enabling Systems is crucial for the consistency of the development and operation phases. Because of the heterogeneity of PSS components and their functional boundaries, a standards-based approach is necessary to support the integration of the final system. In this matter, Systems Engineering (SE) is used as a standard guide to define a semantic meta-model as a preliminary framework for the formalisation of PSS through life knowledge. A simple scenario from the industrial use case is conducted to illustrate the applicability of the proposed modelling framework

Industrial Product-Service System modelling base on Systems Engineering: Application of sensor integration to support smart services

International audienceProduct-Service System (PSS) has been proposed as a promising value-creation strategy tohandle the new market’s challenges. Despite the numerous proposed methodologies, PSS development isstill a perennial topic of debates. To solve this issue, either product or service development processes areadopted. Though, a customised development process according to PSS characteristics seems moreefficient. In this context, Systems Engineering (SE) could be advantageous since it supports theintegration of the interconnected heterogeneous components of PSS. Moreover, industrial PSS is highlytight with the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). This integration improves the manufacturers’ capability inthe information capturing and eases the service providing. Consequently, the sensing system, either as acomponent of service or a service enabler, plays a crucial role in PSS. As a result, managing theinterfaces between the sensor, product and service is necessary for PSS integration. This paper aims toexplore the idea of using SE recommendation for PSS modelling to integrate different viewpoints in PSSlifecycle. To do so, the deployment of SE to integrate sensing system in PSS has been explored as anindustrial use case